英國首相到底是個什麼職業

『壹』 英國首相什麼職位

首相的職位是君主制國家內閣的首腦，首相的產生各國規定不同，英國首相是里希•蘇納克。

『貳』 英國的首相等於中國的什麼

首相是君主立憲制國家內閣首腦的名稱。如英國、日本的內閣首腦。首相的產生各國規定不一。英國首相只能由下院多數黨領袖擔任並由英王任命；日本首相由國會提名經議員選舉產生，並經天皇任命，第二次世界大戰以後，在議會中佔多數議席的政黨（執政黨）的領袖（總裁）是當然的首相。首相是內閣的首腦，享有非常廣泛的權力。英國首相有權任免內閣成員和其他非閣員大臣；領導內閣，決定內閣議事日程，主持內閣會議；用自己的觀點歸納內閣會議的討論，形成內閣決議；在議會中代表政府為政府的決策辯護；代表政府向英王匯報政府工作；提請英王任命高級法官、主教和其他高級官員；決定政府各部的職權的劃分，決定部的合並、成立和撤銷，對各部的業務進行指導，解決各部的爭議等等.
所以說兩者並不能相等.因為社會的性質不一樣.那是資本主義社會.咱們是社會主義社會.樓主要清楚哦.

『叄』 英國首相在中國是什麼職位

首相相當於中國的總理。
首相為「首席宰相」的縮寫，是君主立憲制國家中內閣首腦的中文通稱。內閣是政府最高級官員代表政府各部門商議政策的組織。而首相就是內閣政府首腦，主持內閣會議，總攬政務。
總理，中央政府，國務院的最高的領導，負責國家行政工作。中華人民共和國國務院，即中央人民政府，是最高國家權力機關的執行機關，是最高國家行政機關。國務院由總理、副總理、國務委員、各部部長、各委員會主任、審計長、秘書長組成。國務院實行總理負責制。各部、各委員會實行部長、主任負責制。

『肆』 英國首相的職能

英國首相是代表英國王室和民眾執掌國家行政權力的最高官員，英國政府首腦。一般情況下國會下議院的多數黨黨魁或執政聯盟的首領自動成為首相人選，人選經國王/女王確認並任命後才正式成為首相。

『伍』 英國首相有什麼職責政府由誰管理反對派是幹啥的

英國首相有很多的職責，內閣及其直屬機構是英國政府的領導核心，是行政決策機構，反對派對權利有監督和制約的作用。

一、英國首相的職責

反對派非正規組織，沒有固定的召集者，但在選舉、議會中討論重要議題，或組織一些大型的民間活動。反對派成員有政治人物，包括藍領階層的政治人物，也有為中產階級和職業人士服務的。

『陸』 英國首相是什麼職位

英國首相全稱大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國首相（Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，縮寫PM），簡稱聯合王國首相或英揆（揆，本意即宰相），英國政府首腦，是代表英國王室和民眾執掌國家行政權力的最高官員。一般情況下國會下議院的多數黨黨魁或執政聯盟的首領自動成為首相人選，人選經國王/女王任命後正式成為首相。現任首相為第76任首相特蕾莎

『柒』 英國女王首相總統都是幹嘛的

英國的首相比女王權力大完全是因為當時發動革命建立政府的時候提出的要求，首相管理全國范圍內的「吃喝拉撒」，女王就當一個吉祥物出席一些重要場合就可以了。當時的英國是一個君主制的國家，可是隨著啟蒙運動等思想啟迪運動的興起，越來越多的人民開始有了想要推翻君主制的想法，隨後就發起了革命，推翻了當時的君主制。但是英國王室在世界上的名譽和知名度很高，於是就保留了下來幫助英國創造財富。

一、有無實權

英國女王和首相的權力劃分非常清晰，女王手上是並沒有實權的，管理整個國家的是英國的首相和內閣的各位成員，首相就相當於這個國家的總統，管理者無論是外交還是內政的所有事情。女王現在就是一種象徵，一種曾經英國領導層的代表。不過英國的首相不是世襲制的，是選出來的，英國的女王則是世襲制的。（女的叫女王，男的叫國王，並非只有女的才可以繼承）

二、權力的范圍

英國的女王權力只有警告權、獎勵權、磋商權。簡單點理解就是英國女王的權力就是表面上的形式主義，並沒有真正可以處理國內任何事情的權力。就像是一個「商標」一樣，出席國際上或者或內上的重大場合的時候，英國女王會代表英國出席相關的活動，從事一些「可有可無」的事情。英女王更多的是受到國內人民的榮譽和尊崇的。

英國的首相權力可就大了，英國的首相其實就是國內實際話語權的掌握著。可以這么說，英國的首相就是當年的「曹操」，自己一人之下萬人之上，想干什麼就干什麼，想怎麼就就怎麼做，英國的女王就是「漢獻帝」當擺設的。

『捌』 請問英國首相在英國有什麼作用，主要工作是什麼

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the Head of His/Her Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party, and ultimately to the electorate.

The current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is Gordon Brown, who assumed the position in June 2007.

Powers and constraints

When commissioned by the Sovereign, a potential Prime Minister's first requisite is to "form a Government" – create a cabinet of ministry that has the support of the House of Commons, of which they are expected to be a member. The Prime Minister then formally kisses the hands of his Sovereign, whose royal prerogative is thereafter exercised solely on the advice of the Prime Minister and Her Majesty's Government ("HMG"). The Prime Minister has weekly audiences with the Sovereign, whose functions are constitutionally limited "to advise, to be consulted, and to warn"; the extent of the Sovereign's ability to influence the nature of the Prime Ministerial advice is unknown, but presumably varies depending upon the personal relationship between the Sovereign and the Prime Minister of the day.

The Prime Minister will appoint all other cabinet members (who then become active Privy Councilors) and ministers, although consulting senior ministers on their junior ministers, without any Parliamentary or other control or process over these powers. At any time he may obtain the appointment, dismissal or nominal resignation of any other minister; he may resign, either purely personally or with his whole government; or obtain the dissolution of Parliament, precipitating the loss of all MPs' seats and salaries and a General Election (Ministers will remain in power pending the election of the new House of Commons). The Prime Minister generally co-ordinates the policies and activities of the Cabinet and Government departments, acting as the main public "face" of Her Majesty's Government.

Although the Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces is legally the Sovereign, under constitutional practice the Prime Minister, with the Secretary of State for Defence whom he may appoint or dismiss, holds power over the deployment and disposition of British forces, and the declaration of war. The Prime Minister can authorise, but not directly order, the use of Britain's nuclear weapons and the Prime Minister is hence forth a Commander-in-Chief in all but name.

The Prime Minister makes all the most senior Crown appointments, and most others are made by Ministers over whom he has the power of appointment and dismissal. Privy Counsellors, Ambassadors and High Commissioners, senior civil servants, senior military officers, members of important committees and commissions, and other officials are selected, and in most cases may be removed, by the Prime Minister. He also formally advises the Sovereign on the appointment of Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of England, but his discretion is limited by the existence of the Crown Nominations Commission. The appointment of senior judges, while constitutionally still on the advice of the Prime Minister, is now made on the basis of recommendations from independent bodies.

Peerages, knighthoods, and other honours are bestowed by the Sovereign only on the advice of the Prime Minister. The only important British honours over which the Prime Minister does not have control are the Orders of the Garter, Thistle, and Merit, and the Royal Victorian Order, which are all within the "personal gift" of the Sovereign.

The Prime Minister appoints Ministers known as the "Whips", who use his patronage to negotiate for the support of MPs and to discipline dissenters of the government parliamentary party. Party discipline is strong since electors generally vote for parties rather than indivials. Members of Parliament may be expelled from their party for failing to support the Government on important issues, and although this will not mean they must resign as MPs, it will usually make re-election difficult. Members of Parliament who hold ministerial office or political privileges can expect removal for failing to support the Prime Minister. Restraints imposed by the Commons grow weaker when the Government's party enjoys a large majority in that House, or in the electorate. In general, however, the Prime Minister and their colleagues may secure the Commons' support for almost any bill by internal party negotiations with little regard to opposition MPs.

However, even a government with a healthy majority can on occasion find itself unable to pass legislation. For example, on January 31, 2006 Tony Blair's Government was defeated over proposals to outlaw religious hatred; and, on November 9, 2005 it was defeated over plans which would have allowed police to detain terror suspects for up to 90 days without charge. On other occasions, the Government alters its proposals in order to avoid defeat in the Commons, as Tony Blair's Government did in February 2006 over ecation reforms.[79]

Formerly, a Prime Minister whose government lost a Commons vote would be regarded as fatally weakened, and his whole government would resign, usually precipitating a General Election. In modern practice, when the Government party generally has an absolute majority in the House, only the express vote "that this House has no confidence in Her Majesty's Government" is treated as having this effect; dissentients on a minor issue within the majority party are unlikely to force an election with the probable loss of their seats and salaries, and any future in the party.

Likewise, a Prime Minister is no longer just "first amongst equals" in HM Government; although theoretically his Cabinet might still vote him out, in practice he progressively entrenches his position by retaining only personal supporters in the Cabinet. In periodical reshuffles, the Prime Minister can sideline and simply drop from the cabinet Members who have fallen out of favour: they remain Privy Councillors, but the Prime Minister decides which of them are summoned to meetings. The Prime Minister is responsible for procing and enforcing the Ministerial Code.

[edit] Precedence, privileges and form of address
Tony Blair and Dick Cheney at the main door to 10 Downing Street, the Prime Minister's residence in London, on 11 March, 2002.

Throughout the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister outranks all other dignitaries except the Royal Family, the Lord Chancellor, and senior ecclesiastical functionaries (in England and Wales, the Anglican Archbishops of Canterbury and York; in Scotland, the Lord High Commissioner and the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland; in Northern Ireland, the Anglican and Roman Catholic Archbishops of Armagh and Dublin and the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church).

By tradition, before a new Prime Minister can enter 10 Downing Street for the first time as its occupant, they are required to announce to the country and the world that they have kissed hands with the reigning monarch, and thus have become Prime Minister. This is usually done by saying words to the effect of:

"Her Majesty the Queen [His Majesty the King] has asked me to form a government and I have accepted."[80][81]

Although it wasn't required, Tony Blair also said these words after he was re-elected in 2001 and 2005.

At present the Prime Minister receives £127,334 in addition to a salary of £60,277 as a Member of Parliament.[82] Until 2006 the Lord Chancellor was the highest paid member of the government ahead of the Prime Minister. This reflected the Lord Chancellor's position at the top of the judicial pay scale, as British judges are on the whole better paid than British politicians and until 2005 the Lord Chancellor was both politician and the head of the judiciary. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 stripped the Lord Chancellor of his judicial functions and his salary was reced to below that of the Prime Minister.
Chequers. The Prime Minister's official country home.

The Prime Minister traditionally resides at 10 Downing Street in London and is also entitled to use the country house of Chequers in Buckinghamshire.

The Prime Minister is customarily a member of the Privy Council; thus, they become entitled to prefix "The Right Honourable" to their name. Membership of the Council is retained for life. It is a constitutional convention that only a Privy Counsellor can be appointed Prime Minister, but invariably all potential candidates have already attained this status. The only occasion when a non-Privy Councillor was the natural appointment was Ramsay MacDonald in 1924, but the issue was resolved by appointing him to the Council immediately prior to his appointment as Prime Minister.

According to the now defunct Department for Constitutional Affairs, the Prime Minister is made a Privy Counsellor as a result of taking office and should be addressed by the official title prefixed by "The Right Honourable" and not by a personal name. This form of address is employed at formal occasions but is rarely used by the media. Tony Blair, the previous Prime Minister, was frequently referred to in print as "Mr Blair", "Tony Blair" or "Blair".[83] Colleagues sometimes referred to him simply as "Tony".[84] The Prime Minister is usually addressed as "Prime Minister", for example by interviewers[85] or civil servants, as in Yes, Prime Minister. Since 'Prime Minister' is a position, not a title, he/she should be referred to as "the Prime Minister" or (e.g.) "Mr. Blair". The form "Prime Minister Blair" is incorrect but is sometimes used erroneously outside the UK.

『玖』 首相是個什麼職位

首相為「首席宰相」的縮寫，是君主立憲制國家中內閣首腦的中文通稱。如英國、日本的內閣首腦。首相的產生各國規定不一。英國首相只能由下院多數黨領袖擔任並由英王任命；日本首相由國會提名經議員選舉產生，並經天皇任命，第二次世界大戰以後，在議會中佔多數議席的政黨（執政黨）的領袖（總裁）是當然的首相。首相是內閣的首腦，享有非常廣泛的權力。英國首相有權任免內閣成員和其他非閣員大臣；領導內閣，決定內閣議事日程，主持內閣會議；用自己的觀點歸納內閣會議的討論，形成內閣決議；在議會中代表政府為政府的決策辯護；代表政府向英王匯報政府工作；提請英王任命高級法官、主教和其他高級官員；決定政府各部的職權的劃分，決定部的合並、成立和撤銷，對各部的業務進行指導，解決各部的爭議等等。日本首相又稱內閣總理大臣，是日本最高行政首腦，有權任命內閣其他各國務大臣。盡管內閣要接受議會的監督，但首相有權建議君主解散議會，宣布重新大選。 「首相」稱號的由來 英國第一任首相羅伯特·沃波爾當時擔任財政大臣的職務。由於喬治一世對英國事務不感興趣，也不懂英語，不能參與內英國前首相撒切爾夫人閣討論，因此首席大臣羅伯特·沃爾波爾主要負責國家的政治事務。在羅伯特·沃爾波爾之前，英國君主自己行使首相的職責，根據自己的意願選擇與組織政府。從羅伯特·沃波爾之後，君主的影響力衰退，首相的職務逐漸由議會中多數黨的領導人擔任。「首相」最初被用來形容專制君主的首席大臣，也用來指國王的走狗。像羅伯特·沃波爾、喬治·格林委拉（George Grenville）和諾斯伯爵（Lord North）都強烈抗議自己被稱為首相。1937年議會通過《國王的大臣法》後，「首相」這個稱號被正式定下來，同時首相兼任第一財政大臣的職務。但是很長一段時間內，人們習慣用第一財政大臣的稱號勝於首相的稱號。 在君主立憲制下，首相多為國會多數黨的黨魁或多數派的首領。 在君主獨裁製度下，首相通常由君主任命，替君主執行命令的內閣最高官員。 在議會制中，例如英國的西敏寺制度，首相是政府的首腦，而國家元首（國王或總統）只有儀式上的職能。在一些君主立憲的國家中，首相可實行憲法上授予君主的權力，而無需經國會批准。首相除了是政府首腦，首相也有其他職能，例如，英國的首相兼任「第一財政大臣」(en:First Lord of the Treasury)，而在第二次世界大戰時，英國首相丘吉爾兼任國防大臣。 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國1972年以前政府的首長也稱首相，由最高人民會議產生，負責召集並領導內閣會議。 某些非君主制國家政府首腦也沿用這個名稱。