❶ 請問英語文字是怎樣誕生的
The English-speaking country history at the beginning of bilingual
ecation searches
Along with the reform and open policy further deepening,
English took one international language appears importantly. Today
English not only holds the important status in the ecation system,
moreover is carrying on the seepage to other disciplines, therefore
the bilingual ecation and the multimedia teaching equally graally
march into the classroom. The body for the historical teacher deeply
felt innovates and breaks through imminently, how the historical this
tradition discipline and the English ingenious union, fully manifests
the historical discipline characteristic, richly deepens the classroom
instruction to become our these 探索者 the topic which inquired
into for it.
English-speaking country history my first choice
At first decided the bilingual class, I in line with attempt
with the self- challenge goal. Since accepts this arous ty,
naturally needs earnest and splendid completing. The choice course
content became steps to the successful first step, the
English-speaking country history has become my first choice. Reason as
follows:
The choice course content should manifest the bilingual ecation
goal. In front of the teaching sets up the correct ecation idea to
be essential. The bilingual ecation goal is take the discipline
teaching as the leadership, the deepening and the rich classroom
instruction. Thus it can be seen, English material choice should
revolve the teaching material, provides with more viewpoints and the
first material for the teaching material. Obviously, the
English-speaking country history has the weather advantage then. These
national Tibet have the complete reference material, and has done the
exhaustive country 別史 research, it can directly provide the first
material for us and the newest history research results. The
historical research heaviest firsthand information, the bilingual
ecation exactly erects the bridge. For example in the war of
independence, concerns Washington the material and the Declaration of
Independence text all comes from the American archives and the
memorial hall literature. The English-speaking country history holds
the important status in the historical teaching. In the near modern
history the capitalism history is a master line which passes through,
but in country and so on capitalist country China and Britain, America
occupies the important status, if the England bourgeois revolution
opens the world modern times history, the England Instrial
Revolution has brought the huge transformation to the world, US is
experiences the war of independence and the civil war economy leaps to
the first in the world and plays the vital role in the world business,
therefore knew this both countries the modern history may deepen to
the world overall history understanding, this also was I chooses the
American history to carry on one of teaching reasons. The
English-speaking country history correlation data more substantial and
is complete. Prepares a lesson the material approximately to divide
into three kinds: First, literature material, including each kind of
council book, treaty, letter and so on. With the aid of to the
Internet help, I retrieves from the American website to the massive
first editions material, like Washington communicates the
correspondence, in May nickname joint pledge and so on. Second, the
audio and video material, has two with this class correlation
narrative movie namely "Patriot" and "War of the Independence". Third,
the literary work, the English belle-lettre study work is we is most
familiar-sounding can detailed. In the classroom, suitably reads the
literary work to be able to enhance the student to study the interest
and the help understanding history phenomenon, like the Hawthorne
novel "Red Character" reflected European the religious persecution and
immigrates the Americas mainland.
From the shallow to the deep because sets suitably
At the beginning of the teaching design then sinks into is in a
dilemma the region. One is difficult, how uses the succinct English to
let the student understand. Two is difficult, how prominent teaching
difficulty, key. Former is easily solved in the Hong Kong version
history teaching material enlightenment and under English teacher
help. First as far as possible uses
英語國家歷史雙語教學初探
隨著改革開放的進一步深化，英語作為一種國際性語言顯得愈益重要。今日英語不僅在教育體系中佔有重要地位，而且正向其他學科進行滲透，因此雙語教學和多媒體教學一樣逐漸步入課堂。身為歷史教師深感創新與突破迫在眉睫，如何將歷史這門傳統學科與英語巧妙結合，充分體現歷史學科特色，豐富深化課堂教學已成為我們這些探索者為之探究的課題。
英語國家歷史 我的首選
起初決定上雙語課，我本著嘗試和自我挑戰的目的。既然接受這項艱巨的任務，自然需要認真而出色的完成。選擇教學內容成為邁向成功的第一步，英語國家歷史成了我的第一選擇。原因如下：
選擇教學內容應體現雙語教學目的。教學前樹立正確的教育觀念必不可少。雙語教學目的是以學科教學為主導，深化和豐富課堂教學。由此可見，英文材料的選擇應圍繞教材，為教材提供跟更多的觀點和第一手資料。顯然，英語國家歷史具天時地利之便。這些國家藏有完備的檔案資料，並做過詳盡的國別史研究，它能直接為我們提供第一手資料和最新的史學研究成果。歷史研究最重原始資料，雙語教學恰架設橋梁。例如獨立戰爭中，有關華盛頓的資料和獨立宣言文本都來自美國檔案館和紀念館文獻。
英語國家歷史在歷史教學中佔有重要地位。近現代歷史中資本主義發展史是貫穿的主線，而在資本主義國家中英、美等國占重要地位，如英國資產階級革命開辟了世界近代歷史，英國工業革命給世界帶來巨大變革，美國更是經歷獨立戰爭和內戰經濟躍居世界第一位並在世界事務中發揮重要作用，所以認識這兩國的近代發展史可深化對世界整體歷史的認識，這也是我選擇美國歷史進行教學的原因之一。
英語國家歷史相關資料較為充實和完備。備課資料大致分為三類：一、文獻資料，包括各種會議記錄、條約、家信等。藉助於互聯網的幫助，我從美國網站檢索到大量原版資料，如華盛頓的來往信函、五月花號公約等。二、音像資料，與本課相關的故事片有兩部即《愛國者》和《獨立之戰》。三、文學作品，英美文學作品是我們最耳熟能詳的。課堂中，適當閱讀文學作品能提高學生學習興趣和幫助理解歷史現象，如霍桑小說《紅字》反映歐洲的宗教迫害和移民美洲大陸。
由淺入深 因地置宜
教學設計之初便陷於兩難境地。一難，如何使用簡潔英語讓學生聽懂。二難，如何突出教學難點、重點。前者在香港版歷史教材的啟示及英語教師幫助下迎刃而解。首先盡量使用學生學習過的詞彙表達意思，其次語言口語化，隨後設計上採用「層層推進，由淺入深」的方法。如分析獨立戰爭原因，它是本節的重點。學生用中文表達就相當難，何況用英語分析。基於此，這段設計定為教師指導下層層演繹，如原因分解為美利堅民族形成、英國加緊對殖民地的控制及殖民地人民的反抗，進而將民族形成分解為三個方面即居民、經濟、文化，以此引導學生逐級展開思維。
針對學生閱讀能力強於聽說能力，教學重點中以大量書面資料和生動小品相配合加以說明。如原因中的小難點棗英國殖民者與美國殖民地居民的矛盾如何展開？我事先搜集了一些法案供學生閱讀，並通過中文小品來反映法案的內容與實質。小品原先准備以英文表達，但學生英文水平有限實在編排不出。與此同時，加強中外聯系能深化教學內容，如不可容忍法令與我國南京條約的比較。
俗話「羅馬不是一天建成的」。雙語教學也非一堂課能體現。目前學生和教師的英語能力都有一定的局限性，故准備課的過程宜循序漸進。本堂雙語課我遵循了步步為營的原則。第一步給學生與本課相關的歷史單詞，含人物、地名、事件名稱。第二步，提供相宜的文獻資料閱讀，幫助課內討論。第三步，對歷史事件、歷史人物作簡單英文評價。第四步，中英文課堂教學。
雙語教學系統化、規模化
經歷這堂公開課，我對雙語教學的發展與前景充滿信心，希望就此成為一個新起點，推動歷史雙語教學的系統化、規模化。
鑒於英語國家歷史在雙語教學中的優勢與可行性，我將沿著英語國家歷史繼續探索雙語課，並努力彌補初次嘗試中的不足。