1. 鑻忚姰涓浜鴻祫鏂
鐐瑰嚮鍏蟲敞錛屾瘡澶╅兘鏈夊悕浜烘晠浜嬫劅鍔ㄦ偍錛
鑻忚姰
鑻忚姰鏄鏃㈤倱涓藉悰涔嬪悗錛屾腐鍙版渶鍏峰獎鍝嶅姏鐨勮憲鍚嶅コ姝屾槦錛屽ス鐨勬紨鍞遍庢牸椴滄槑錛岀嫭鏍戜竴甯滐紝鍐呭湴寰堝氬コ姝屾墜浜夌浉妯′豢銆
鑻忚姰婕斿敱鐨勩婇厭騫插樺崠鏃犮嬨婅窡鐫鎰熻夎蛋銆嬨婄壍鎵嬨嬨婁竴鏍風殑鏈堝厜銆嬨婂啀鍥為栥嬬瓑緇忓吀姝屾洸錛岃嚦浠婅繕鏈夌潃宸ㄥぇ褰卞搷銆
鎯呮劅娌ф戠殑鑻忚姰錛屾湁榪囦袱嬈″け璐ュ氬Щ銆傚ス涓庣浜屼換鍓嶅か鍒樺▉楹熻偛鏈夊効瀛愬垬瀛愰福錛屽氬Щ鐮磋傚悗錛岃嫃鑺鐙鑷鎶氬吇鍎垮瓙銆備綔涓轟竴浣嶅崟浜插堝堬紝鑻忚姰鐨勬瘝鐖辯悊鎬ц屽偓娉鈥︹
01
鑻忚姰錛堝師鍚嶈嫃鐟炶姮錛夌栫睄灞變笢鐪佹祹瀹佸競錛1962騫村嚭鐢熶簬涓鍥藉彴婀劇渷鍙板寳甯傘傝嫃鑺涓婇潰鏈4涓鍝ュ摜濮愬愶紝鐖朵翰鍦ㄥ彴婀懼紑浜嗕竴瀹跺綋鏃舵渶澶х殑綰虹粐鍘傘
鑻忚姰
鑻忚姰涓婂皬瀛︽椂錛岀埗浜茬殑綰虹粐鍘傛敼涓虹敓浜у湴姣錛岀粨鏋滃け璐ャ傚洜涓哄哄姟鍘熷洜錛屾渶鍚庣漢緇囧巶琚鏌ュ皝浜嗐傝嫃鑺鐨勭埗浜蹭竴澶滀箣闂寸牬浜т簡錛屼竴瀹朵漢鎼鍑轟簡瀹芥暈鏄庝寒鐨勫ぇ鎴垮瓙錛屼綇榪涗簡鎷ユ尋銆侀粦鏆楃殑鍑虹熷眿銆
鐖朵翰鍥涘勬墦宸ュ吇瀹訛紝鑻忚姰涓庡摜鍝ュ愬愮殑鐢熸椿欏挎椂涓钀藉崈涓堛
韜楂1.58綾崇殑鑻忚姰錛屽皯濂蟲椂浠ｆ竻綰婕備寒錛岃繕鏈変竴鍓濂藉棑瀛愩1968騫達紝鑻忚姰鍙傚姞鍙版咕姝屽敱姣旇禌錛屽紑濮嬪紩浜烘敞鐩銆
1971騫達紝鑻忚姰楂樹腑姣曚笟浜嗭紝涓轟簡甯鐖朵翰鍏誨訛紝濂硅緧瀛︿簡銆備笉涔咃紝鑻忚姰鍘諱竴瀹剁編鍐涗勘涔愰儴椹誨敱銆備袱騫村悗錛岃嫃鑺鍙堣繘鍏ュ彴鍖楃殑甯屽皵欏塊厭搴楀綋椹誨敱姝屾墜銆
闈掑勾鑻忚姰
闈掑勾鑻忚姰涓庝警瀛濊搐
鍦ㄨ繖閲岋紝鑻忚姰涓庣埍鎯呬笉鏈熻岄亣銆備竴澶╋紝鑻忚姰鍦ㄥ彴涓婂敱姝岋紝涓涓閱夐喓閱虹殑鐢蜂漢鍐蹭笂鑸炲彴錛屽己琛岃佺粰鑻忚姰鐏岄厭錛岃嫃鑺鎷煎懡鎸ｆ墡錛岀櫧閰掓磼鍒頒簡濂圭殑瑁欏瓙涓婏紝鍦洪潰欏挎椂澶辨帶銆
琛姘旀柟鍒氱殑榧撴墜闃挎枃錛堝師鍚嶅紶澶╃櫧錛夊啿涓婂幓錛岀敤鍔涘皢閱夐厭鐢峰瓙鎺ㄥ掑湪鍦幫紝鏇胯嫃鑺瑙ｄ簡鍥淬
鏈鏉ヨ繖鏄涓璧峰皬綰犵悍錛屼絾閱夐厭鐢峰瓙鍦ㄥ綋鍦伴囨湁鍔垮姏錛屾ゅ悗緇忓父鏉ラ厭搴楅椆浜嬨備負浜嗘伅浜嬪畞浜猴紝鑰佹澘鍙寰楀皢鑻忚姰鍜岄樋鏂囦竴璧峰紑闄や簡銆
鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆儏鍐典笅錛岃嫃鑺涓庨樋鏂囪榪榪滆蛋棣欐腐錛岃繘鍏ヤ竴瀹墮厭鍚ч┗鍞便傞樋鏂囨瘮鑻忚姰澶т竴宀侊紝涓瀛愰珮楂樼殑錛屾槸涓浣嶅緢鏈夋枃鑹烘皵璐ㄧ殑甯呭摜銆
鑻忚姰
婕傛硦鐢熸椿涓錛岃嫃鑺涓庨樋鏂囩浉鐖變簡銆1979騫達紝涓や漢棰嗚瘉緇撳氥傚鉤蹇冭岃猴紝鑻忚姰涓庨樋鏂囪蛋鍒頒竴璧峰苟闈炲嚭浜庣湡姝ｇ殑鐖辨儏錛屼竴鏂歸潰鍑轟簬鎰熸縺錛屽彟涓鏂歸潰鏄婕傛硦涓鐨勭浉浜掑彇鏆栥
濠氬悗錛屼袱浜虹粡甯稿洜鐢熸椿鐞愪簨鍙戠敓紓曠粖銆傚惖榪囧悗闃挎枃灝卞枬闂烽厭錛岀劧鍚庡啿鑻忚姰鍙戣劸姘旓紝鍦ㄥ嚭縐熷眿閲屾祦娉銆
1980騫10鏈堬紝闃挎枃涓庨厭鍚х殑涓浣嶅コ姝屾墜鏈変簡濠氬栨儏錛岃嫃鑺寰楃煡鍚庡喅緇濅笌闃挎枃紱誨氫簡銆傞殢鍚庡ス紱誨紑棣欐腐錛屽甫鐫涓棰椾激鐥曠瘡緔鐨勫績鍥炲彴鍖楃敓媧匯
灝戝コ鐨勬劅鎯呮渶瀹濊吹錛屽け濠氬悗鑻忚姰闄峰叆鐑︽伡鐥涜嫤涓銆備翰鎯呯殑鎶氭叞錛屾椂鍏夋祦姘寸殑媧楁釘錛岃╄嫃鑺娓愭笎璧板嚭浜嗗け濠氶槾褰便
闈掑勾鑻忚姰錛堝彸錛
榪斿洖鍙板寳涓嶄箙錛屼竴瀹剁數瑙嗗彴閲囪胯嫃鑺錛屼富鎸佷漢闂錛氣滃惉璇翠綘紱誨氫簡錛岃兘鍚﹁皥璋堢誨氱殑鍓嶅墠鍚庡悗錛熲濊嫃鑺蹇冮噷鐨勪激鐤ゅ啀嬈¤鎻寮錛屽ス娉嫻佹弧闈錛屽摻鍜介毦璇銆
榪欐椂鍒樺▉楹熷湪鐜板満錛屼粬鍐插埌涓繪寔浜鴻韓杈癸紝鐢熸皵鍦拌達細鈥滆蜂綘鍒闂榪欎簺娌℃湁浜烘х殑闂棰橈紒鈥濅富鎸佷漢涓庡垬濞侀簾鍙戠敓浜夋墽錛岃妭鐩娌℃湁褰曞畬鑻忚姰灝辯誨紑浜嗐
02
鍒樺▉楹熻拷涓婃潵錛屽紑杞﹀皢鑻忚姰甯﹀埌涓瀹跺挅鍟￠嗐備竴鏉棣欐祿鐨勫挅鍟¤╄嫃鑺娓愭笎騫抽潤涓嬫潵浜嗐
鍒樺▉楹熸瘮鑻忚姰灝4宀侊紝闀垮緱鍎掗泤甯呮皵錛屼粬褰撴椂鏄鍙板寳涓瀹跺獎瑙嗗叕鍙哥殑鍒朵綔浜恆傚湪鍒樺▉楹熺殑浠嬬粛涓嬶紝鑻忚姰涓庡彴鍖楅炵熷敱鐗囧叕鍙哥劇害銆
鑻忚姰
1984騫達紝鑻忚姰鎺ㄥ嚭姝屾洸銆婇厭騫插樺崠鏃犮嬶紝寰堝揩鍦ㄦ腐鍙板拰鍐呭湴璧扮孩銆傛垚鍚嶅悗錛屽垬濞侀簾鍚戣嫃鑺奼傜埍銆備絾濂規湁欏捐檻錛氣滄垜紱昏繃濠氾紝榪樻瘮浣犲ぇ4宀侊紝鍜變咯涓嶅悎閫傘傗濆垬濞侀簾鍥炵瓟錛氣滃彧瑕佺浉鐖憋紝榪欎簺閮戒笉鏄闂棰樸傗
鍦ㄨ嫃鑺鐪奸噷錛屽垬濞侀簾甯呮皵錛屾湁鎵嶅崕錛屾殩蹇冿紝瀵瑰ス涔熸湁鐫鑷村懡璇辨儜銆備簬鏄錛岃嫃鑺鍕囨暍鍦版帴鍙椾簡鍒樺▉楹熺殑鐖辨儏銆
1985騫寸嬪ぉ錛屼袱浜哄湪鍙板寳緇撳氫簡銆傞偅鏃舵ｆ槸鑻忚姰浜嬩笟鐨勪笂鍗囨湡錛屽ス鐩哥戶鎺ㄥ嚭浜嗐婅窡鐫鎰熻夎蛋銆嬨婂嚟鐫鐖便嬬瓑閲戞洸錛屾垚涓烘腐鍙版渶綰㈢殑濂蟲瓕鏄熶箣涓銆
鑻忚姰涓庡垬濞侀簾鍙婂効瀛
鑻忚姰
1991騫達紝鑻忚姰璇炰笅鍎垮瓙鍒樺瓙楦ｃ傝嫃鑺鏈鎯沖噺灝戝伐浣滈噺錛屽皢澶ч儴鍒嗙簿鍔涙斁鍦ㄥ墮噷鐓ч【鍎垮瓙銆備絾鍏鍙鎬笉鎯寵╁ス榪欐５鈥滄憞閽辨爲鈥濅紤鎮錛岄戦戜負濂瑰畨鎺掑伐浣溿
1993騫達紝鑻忚姰搴旈個鍙傚姞澶瑙嗘槬鏅氾紝涓庤В鏅撲笢銆侀偅鑻便佺綏鏂囩瓑鍚堜綔婕斿敱銆婃惡鎵嬪悓琛屻嬨傞殢鍚庯紝鑻忚姰鎺ㄥ嚭姝屾洸銆婄壍鎵嬨嬶紝濂圭殑姝屽敱浜嬩笟杈懼埌宸呭嘲銆
姝ゅ悗錛屽ス棰戦戞潵鍐呭湴婕斿嚭銆1998騫磋嫃鑺鍦ㄥ寳浜棣栭兘浣撹偛棣嗕婦鍔炰簡涓浜烘紨鍞變細錛1涓囧氬悕姝岃糠璧跺埌鐜板満錛岄珮鍛肩潃鑻忚姰鐨勫悕瀛椼
灝卞湪鑻忚姰鐨勪簨涓氬傛棩涓澶╂椂錛屽垬濞侀簾鐨勫叕鍙稿嵈闄峰叆鍥伴】銆1999騫存槬澶╋紝鍒樺▉楹熷熼挶鎶曡祫錛岀粨鏋滀篃澶辮觸浜嗐傚哄姟鍘嬭揩涓嬶紝鍒樺▉楹熸ф儏澶у彉錛岀粡甯稿湪瀹墮噷涓庤嫃鑺鍚墊灦銆
鑻忚姰涓庤В鏅撲笢
榪欏勾8鏈堬紝鑻忚姰涓庡垬濞侀簾紱誨紓錛屽効瀛愯窡闅忓ス鐢熸椿銆傚啀嬈″け濠氾紝緇欒嫃鑺甯︽潵宸ㄥぇ鐨勬墦鍑伙紝濂規矇嫻稿湪蹇т激鐥涜嫤涓銆
榪欐椂鍎垮瓙鍒樺瓙楦8宀佷簡錛岀粡甯哥敤涓鍙岀函鍑鏃犺緶鐨勭溂鐫涚湅濡堝堬紝浠栦笉鏄庣櫧鐖舵瘝紱誨氭剰鍛崇潃浠涔堬紝濂跺０濂舵皵鍦伴棶錛氣滃堝堬紝浣犱負浠涔堝摥錛熲
鑻忚姰涓嶆兂璁╁効瀛愬辜灝忕殑蹇冪伒鍙椾激瀹籌紝蹇欐摝騫茬溂娉璇達細鈥滃堝堢殑鐪肩潧閲屾湁涓綺掓矙瀛愶紝涓嶈垝鏈嶃傗濅綔涓轟竴鍚嶅け濠氱殑鍗曚翰濡堝堬紝鑻忚姰鏄庣櫧錛岃嚜宸辨病緇欏効瀛愪竴涓瀹屾暣鐨勫訛紝宸茬粡緇欎粬甯︽潵浜嗕激瀹熾傚傛灉鍐嶅湪鍎垮瓙闈㈠墠浠ヤ竴鍓鎬ㄥ囩殑褰㈣薄鍑虹幇錛屼細緇欏効瀛愰犳垚絎浜屾′激瀹熾
浜庢槸鑻忚姰灝嗘唱鍜岀棝鍩嬪湪蹇冨簳錛屽皢鏈鍧氬己鏈闃沖厜鐨勪竴闈㈠睍鐜板湪鍎垮瓙闈㈠墠銆傚滈槕浜洪潤絳夊効瀛愮潯鐫浜嗭紝鑻忚姰鑴嗗急鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浼氬挰鐫琚瑙掑摥銆
03
鑻忚姰
紱誨3涓鏈堝悗錛岃嫃鑺灝嗗垬濞侀簾綰︿簡鍑烘潵錛氣滅誨紓瀵規垜浠澶т漢鏄瑙ｈ劚錛屼絾瀵瑰効瀛愮殑浼ゅ充笉鍙浼伴噺銆傛垜瀵逛綘娌℃湁鍒鐨勮佹眰錛屽笇鏈涗綘浠ュ悗澶氭潵鐪嬬湅鍎垮瓙銆傗
鍏跺疄鍒樺▉楹熶篃鏄鍠勮壇銆佹煍杞鐨勪漢錛岀瓟搴斾簡銆傛ゅ悗浠栫粡甯歌繃鏉ラ櫔浼村効瀛愶紝鏈夋椂榪樺皢鍎垮瓙鎺ュ埌瀹墮噷鍘諱綇銆傛矏嫻寸潃鐖剁埍姣嶇埍錛屽垬瀛愰福欏哄埄鎴愰暱銆
鎴愪負鍗曚翰濡堝堝悗錛岃嫃鑺鍙灝嗕笁鍒嗕箣涓鐨勭簿鍔涚敤浜庡伐浣滐紝涓夊垎涔嬩簩鐨勬椂闂村拰綺懼姏鐓ч【鍎垮瓙銆傚湪濂圭湅鏉ワ紝鐜板湪縐拌亴濡堝堢殑瑙掕壊姣旇憲鍚嶆瓕鏄熷瑰効瀛愭洿閲嶈侊紝
鑷宸辯孩涓嶇孩瀵瑰効瀛愬獎鍝嶅苟涓嶅ぇ錛岃屼竴鏃︽瘝鐖辯己甯錛屼細緇欎袱浠ｄ漢甯︽潵緇堣韓閬楁喚銆
鑻忚姰
姝ゅ悗鑻忚姰鍦ㄥ墮噷緇欏効瀛愬仛楗錛岄櫔浠栧仛娓告垙錛屽ス榪樺甫鍎垮瓙璺戞ャ佹父娉熾傛湁鏃跺幓澶栧湴婕斿嚭錛岃嫃鑺涔熶細灝嗗効瀛愬甫鍦ㄨ韓杈廣
涓鏅冨埌浜2009騫達紝鍒樺瓙楦18宀侊紝鎴愬勾浜嗐備粬涓瀛愰珮楂樼殑錛屽枆緇撶獊鍑猴紝鍢磋掗暱婊′簡緇掓瘺錛屾垚浜嗕竴涓甯呮皵鐨勫皬浼欍傞偅涓鍒伙紝鑻忚姰鎮嶇劧濡傛ⅵ銆
鍦ㄥ効瀛愭垚闀跨殑榪囩▼涓錛屼笉鏂鏈変紭縐寮傛ц拷奼傝嫃鑺錛屼絾濂瑰蟲曞効瀛愬彈濮斿眻錛屽皢鎯呮劅闂擱棬緔х揣鍏抽棴銆備綔涓轟竴涓鍗曚翰濡堝堬紝濡傛灉涓轟簡榪芥眰鑷宸辯殑騫哥忥紝鑰岀疆鍎垮瓙鐨勬垚闀跨幆澧冭屼笉欏撅紝鑻忚姰瑙夊緱榪欐槸瀵瑰効瀛愮殑孌嬪繊銆
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