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中国的地球怎么变绿

发布时间:2023-02-23 07:52:20

① 曾经的地球是紫色的,为什么后来会变得越来越绿

这就涉及一个假说, 紫色地球假说,是一个天文生物学上的假说。该假说的内容是地球上的早期生命形式是基于视黄醛,而非叶绿素的形式。

紫色地球假说

紫色地球假说是一个天体生物学假说,认为早期地球的光合作用生命形式是以视网膜为基础的,而不是以叶绿素为基础的, 这使地球呈现紫色而不是绿色 。现如今也有存在的视网膜生物如光合微生物,统称为盐古菌。这个时间可以追溯到24亿到35亿年前的某个地方,在大氧化事件之前。许多盐古菌含有视网膜蛋白,细菌视紫红质,在它们的紫色膜上,进行光驱动的质子泵,在细胞膜上产生质子动力梯度并驱动ATP合成。盐古菌紫色膜是已知的最简单的获取光能的生物能系统之一。

含有紫色膜的视网膜显示出一个单一的光吸收峰,集中在太阳光谱的绿-黄能量丰富的区域,但允许红光和蓝光的透射,从而产生深紫色。 相比之下,叶绿素色素吸收红光和蓝光,但很少或没有吸收绿光 , 这就形成了植物、蓝藻和光合膜特有的绿色。 带有紫色和绿色色素的微生物经常在分层群落中共存,它们可以利用太阳光谱的互补区域。

与更复杂的叶绿素基光合膜相比,盐古菌视网膜色素非常简单,它们与细胞膜中的类异戊二烯脂质的结合,以及在地球早期的古沉积物中也有发现古细菌膜组分,都与早期出现的生命形式相一致,所以说在绿色光合作用之前有紫色的膜。在许多环境中,人们观测到,含有紫色和绿色色素的微生物存在共存现象,这表明它们是共同进化的。

总结

最早地球呈现紫色,是因为那个时候的生物允许红光和蓝光的透射,从而产生深紫色。而后来随着时间的推移,高等生物进化的过程中,慢慢抛弃了这一钟能量吸收方式。

② 有人说中国和印度使地球变绿了,到底是怎么回事

长期以来,因绿化问题、环境污染问题总被西方指摘的中国和印度,一举摘帽,成了世界绿化行动的主力军!其中,仅中国一个国家的植被增加量,更是占到过去17年里全球植被总增加量的至少25%。

NASA发表于2月11日的《自然》杂志称,中国和印度境内的绿化带非常醒目。虽然论植被区面积,中国仅为全球的6.6%,但中国占到全球植被叶面积净增加的25%。中国的绿化主要来自森林(42%)和耕地(32%),而印度主要来自耕地(82%),森林只占4.4%。

其实,科学家们在上世纪90年代中期就注意到了地球有绿化迹象,但当时他们只是认为这是由于二氧化碳浓度上升造成的,并不清楚人类在其中所起的作用。

现在,通过分析近20年来累计的卫星遥感数据,这些研究者终于可以确定:正是中国和印度的人类活动,推动了全球绿色覆盖面积的增加。

③ 怎样才能使我们的地球成为绿色家园

保护地球,从我做起

古往今来,地球妈妈用甘甜的乳汁哺育了无数代子孙。原来的她被小辈们装饰得楚楚动人。可是,现在人类为了自身的利益,将她折磨得天昏地暗。人类只有一个地球;而地球正面临着严峻的环境危机。“救救地球”已成为世界各国人民最强烈的呼声。

我为周围环境的恶化而感到心痛,我想:作为未来接班人的青少年,如果不了解人类环境的构成和环境问题的严重性,无视有关环境保护的法律法规,不去增强环境保护意识,自觉履行保护环境的义务的话,我们的生命将毁在自己的手中,老天将对我们作出严厉的惩罚。为此我下定决心要从我做起爱护环境,保护我们这个赖以生存的家园,做一个保护环境的卫士。

在刚过去的一年中,我积极参加学校开展的植树活动,带领我们初一(6)中队的班干部创立了“绿色天使”植绿护绿小组,鼓励队员们在校园里认养了一棵小树苗,利用课余时间给它梳妆打扮,为它长成参天大树打下了基础。在学校组织的“让地球充满生机”的签字活动中,我郑重地在上面签下自己的名字,并写下了自己对环保的决心和期望,对美好未来的憧憬。我积极参加学校在世界环境日举行的有奖征稿,认真查阅、收集各类资料,进行社会调查,撰写有关环境治理设想方面的文章,我经常去参加学校组织的环保讲座,观看环保方面的录相带,积极参预环保知识问答调查活动,认真填写每一项提问。我参与了“红领巾植绿护绿队”的网站建设,在上面发布大量的环保图片和环保知识,以及关于环保的各方面的法律知识,我国在环保方面发展动向、世界各国的环境保护情况;每个月我都利用网络、报纸,查找一些最新的不同的专题和板块“环保资讯”来告诉大家;还定期制作一些宣传板来宣传环保知识和生活中的环保常识。提高了大家的环保意识;号召同学们从不同的方面来关爱自己的家园,从身边的小事做起,为周围的环境奉献自己的一份力量!我积极动员身边的人一起来依法保护和建设人类共有的同样也是仅有的家园,为促进经济和社会的可持续发展,为人类的文明做出贡献。我还和同学们共同发起“养一盆花,认养一棵树、爱惜每一片绿地,让我们周围充满绿色”和“小用塑料袋不使用泡沫饭盒和一次性筷子,让我们远离白色污染”的倡议。让我们放下方便袋,拿起菜篮子,让我们共同走向美好的绿色的明天,走向辉煌、灿烂的未来!

据我收集到的一份报告说:“环境问题是由于人类不合理地开发和利用自然源所造成的。触目惊心的环境问题主要有大气污染、水质污染、噪声污染、食品污染、不适当开发利用自然资源这五大类。”一个个铁一样的事实告诉我们,它们像恶魔般无情地吞噬着人类的生命。它威胁着生态平衡,危害着人体健康,制约着经济和社会的可持续发展,它让人类陷入了困境。为此我作出宣告:“只要我们——人类有时刻不忘保护环境的意识,有依法治理环境的意识,地球村将成为美好的乐园”。未来的天空一定是碧蓝的,水是清澈的,绿树成荫鲜花遍地,人类可以尽情享受大自然赋予我们的幸福。

“真正检验我们对环境的贡献不是言辞,而是行动。”虽然我现在做得只不过是一些微小的事,但是我坚信要是我们人人都有保护环境的责任心,从自己做起,从小事做起,携手保护我们的家园,自然会给人类应有的回报。在温暖的摇篮——草原上小憩;在慈祥的笑脸——天空下成长,在爱的源泉——河流中沐浴

④ 怎样做才可以使地球变绿呢

不猎杀、使用珍稀动物和受保护的动物,关爱与保护野生动植物;植树造林,爱护我们身边的每一寸绿地、每一株花草、每一片树木。
节约用水提倡使用脸盆洗脸,洗完脸或洗完衣服的水用来浇花,洗拖把。爱护节水设施,关紧水龙头,自觉做到珍惜水源。节约用电推荐尽量用自然光,随手关灯、电脑等电设备,使用完后及时断电,减少待机损耗,合理使用电器。
绿色消费尽量少用一次性纸杯,提倡自带水杯,少且一次性塑料袋,推荐用布袋,能够多次使用,减少“白色污染”。垃圾处理垃圾不要随手扔在地上,尽量放在邻近的垃圾桶中,但要注意垃圾分类,矿泉水瓶能重复使用的尽量之后用。少砍伐、破坏多一些保护、扶植,保护森林中的小生物,让他们的生命持续。

⑤ 美国卫星发现地球正“变绿”,原因在印度和中国,印度却让人担忧,为何

每当人类抬头仰望天空,总是会幻想遨游宇宙的场景,而后人类通过不懈的努力,从理论依据再到实践,终于在上世纪苏美冷战的刺激下,通过向太空中发射卫星开启了对宇宙的探索。美国一直都是这个领域的先驱者,引领着全球航天事业的发展。人造卫星成为了人类打开宇宙奥秘的钥匙,而人类也合理利用卫星,将它用以观察和勘测地球,给人类的日常生活等方方面面都带来了很大的便利,而且随着科研人员对技术的钻研,卫星能够发挥出来的功效越来越大。

如今的城市化已经日益加重,大批量新建起来的工业正在蚕食大自然,显然种植植被是控制住局面很好的方式,中国和印度已经在身体力行的进行,希望其他国家也能够赶紧动起手来吧。

⑥ 卫星发现地球正在变“绿”,是种的树起效果了吗

在电影《流浪地球》中,我们看到了地球未来会出现的情况,到处会变成一片白雪皑皑的情况。影片中的很多台词,在一段时间内,刷爆了各大平台。其中最让人印象深刻的一句台词,便是起初没有人在乎每一次小的灾难,直到它与每个人都有所关联。的确,在过去的几个月,相信每个人都深有感触。


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当森林覆盖率的面积增加后,地球的生态环境也会进入一个崭新的阶段。或许在不久之后,地球会重换原有的生机,生物种类也会增加。这一切的成绩,都离不开我们每个人的贡献,就像网友说的那样,自己从蚂蚁森林上攒的树,终于被种在了沙漠里,为地球环境的改善除了一份力。数据显示,截至到现在,“蚂蚁森林”所种植的树木,已经减少了800多万碳排放。不知道你对此有什么看法呢?

⑦ 地球变绿,中国做了多大贡献卫星遥感有图有真相

This conclusion has been reached from data compiled by NASA's Aqua and Terra earth observation satellites.

From 2000 to 2017, the global areas covered by greenery increased by 5%, of which, 25% of such territory lies in China. In fact, China only accounts for 6.6% of global vegetation coverage. So, how did these changes happen?

To this end, we have invited experts from the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences who have been engaged in monitoring vegetation change for a long period of time, to explain the process with the sufficient statistical data and satellite remote sensory images.

今年早些时候,一篇由美国波士顿大学领衔、美国宇航局主要资助的多国合作研究论文发表在《自然-可持续发展》期刊上,这篇题为《中国和印度通过土地利用管理引领世界变绿》的论文发现:2000—2017年,中国和印度主导了全球陆地变绿(植被叶面积的增加)。更重要的是,在中国变绿的过程中,森林贡献了42%,大于农用地的32%,远大于印度4.4%的森林贡献率。

Earlier this year, a multinational cooperative research paper led by Boston University and mainly funded by NASA was published in Nature Sustainability . The paper was entitled ' China and India Lead in Greening of the World Through The Land-Use Management ', and found that ring the period from 2000 to 2017, China and India dominated global land greening (increases in leaf-covered areas). More importantly, in the process of turning China greener, forests contributed 42%, greater than the 32% contribution of agricultural land and much more than India's forest contribution of 4.4%.

▲ Source: https://zhuanlan.hu.com/p/56452684, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0220-7

China's afforestation and forest protection are crucial parts of the results achieved.

从20世纪70年代以来,中国先后启动了许多重大生态建设工程,其中与陆地变绿直接相关的至少有6个:“三北”防护林工程、天然林资源保护工程、退耕还林(草)工程、长江/珠江流域防护林工程、京津风沙源治理工程、退牧还草工程。这些工程覆盖了中国的绝大部分地区。

Since the 1970s, China has successively launched many large ecological projects, including six projects which are directly related to land greening: the "Three-North" Shelter Forest Program, the Natural Forest Resource Protection Project, the Project of Returning Farmland to Forest (Grass), the Shelterbelt Forestry Project of the Yangtze/Pearl River Basin, the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project and the Project of Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands. These projects cover most of the regions of China.

“三北”防护林工程 ,1979年开始实施,涉及13个省市区,工程建设总面积406.9万平方公里,占全国陆地总面积的42.4%,至今总投资约500多亿元。

Beginning in 1979, the "Three-North" Shelter Forest Program involving 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, has achieved a total construction area of 4.069 million square kilometers, accounting for 42.4% of China's total land area , with total investment adding up to more than 50 billion yuan so far.

天然林资源保护工程, 1998年开始试点,涉及17个省区、724个县、160个重点企业、14个自然保护区等,到2004年累积投资488.3亿元。

Beginning in 1998, the Natural Forest Resource Protection Project involving 724 counties, 160 key enterprises and 14 nature reserves in 17 provinces and autonomous regions, reached cumulative investment of 48.83 billion yuan by 2004.

退耕还林(草)工程, 始于1999年,涉及25个省区、1897个县区, 是迄今为止世界上最大的生态建设工程 ,仅中央投入的工程资金就超过4300多亿元。

Having been started in 1999, the Project of Returning Farmland to Forest (Grass) involves 1,897 counties in 25 provinces and autonomous regions. It is one of the largest ever ecological project to be carried out worldwide. The central government alone has invested more than 430 billion yuan in the project.

长江/珠江流域防护林工程 ,一期为1989—2010年,根据森林清查资料及林业统计年鉴,共造林约6.3万平方公里、育林约5.5万平方公里。二期涉及的范围更广,其中长江流域防护林二期工程包括17个省(市)的1033个县(市、区),规划造林任务6.9万平方公里。

Phase I of the Shelterbelt Forestry Project of the Yangtze/Pearl River Basin was carried out between 1989 and 2010. According to forest inventory data and the forestry statistical yearbook, a total of 63,000 square kilometers of forest were planted and 55,000 square kilometers were afforested. The Phase II covers a wider range, of which the Shelterbelt Forestry Project of the Yangtze River Basin Phase II includes 1,033 counties (cities and urban districts) in 17 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) with a planned afforestation task of 69,000 square kilometers.

京津风沙源治理工程, 始于2002年,涉及北京、天津、河北、山西及内蒙古等五省(区、市)的75个县,总面积45.8万平方公里,一期工程初步匡算投资558亿元。

Having begun in 2002, the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project involves 75 counties across five provinces (autonomous region and municipalities directly under the Central Government) including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, with a total area of 458,000 square kilometers. The initial estimated investment for Phase I is 55.8 billion yuan.

退牧还草工程, 自2003年以来,北方7省区退牧还草工程约64万平方公里,中央已累计投入资金295.7亿元。

Since 2003, the Project of Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands has covered 640,000 square kilometers in seven northern provinces and autonomous regions. The Central Government has invested 29.57 billion yuan in the project.

The most effective way to understand the results of these afforestation projects in China is to observe changes in collected data. In the field of ecological environment change monitoring, the most widely used technology is that of acquiring images of the earth for continuous monitoring through remote satellite sensing.

Here are a few sets of data and images which illustrate the reasons behind this green miracle.

In the field of remote sensing applications, the "vegetation index" is widely used for evaluating vegetation coverage and vegetation growth and the "normalized difference vegetation index" (NDVI) is most widely used. In general, the higher the NDVI, the higher the vegetation coverage.

The NDVI(at the national level) in China, India and most European countries show significant increases in 2015 compared with 1982, indicating that the land of these countries has turned significantly green. However, the NDVI in the countries in North America, Australia, Africa and South America showed a decreasing trend in 2015 compared with 1982.

Another measurement indicator is net primary proctivity (NPP) .

NPP is the amount of photosynthetic procts or organic carbon formed by plants after converting the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis, and is the material basis for the survival and reproction of other organisms in the ecosystem.

We quantifies moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) NPP from 2000 to 2014 at the country level, and the results show that the combined NPP for 53 countries represents >90% of global NPP. The top three and top 12 countries accounted for 30% and 60% of total global NPP, respectively. China accounts for about 5% of the world's total NPP, ranking 4th globally. However, it cannot be ignored that western China is mostly covered by desert or sparse vegetation, and the average NPP per unit area in China is about 300gC/㎡/y — not high in the global ranking, at a similar level compared to Canada, Australia, India and other countries.

Spatial distribution of annual total NPP at national scale

(c)国家尺度单位面积NPP值空间分布

Spatial distribution of mean national NPP per unit area

(d)占全球NPP总量90%以上的前53个国家NPP总量

Average annual country-level NPP (2000–2014) for the top 53 countries representing >90% of the total global NPP

Source: http://www.science direct.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716319507

就2000—2014年变化趋势来看, 中国大面积区域NPP是在上涨的,尤其是西部区域。 几个NPP大国中,中国的NPP年净增加约11Tg C,远大于NPP总量排在第一位的巴西(5Tg C/y)、第三位的美国(2Tg C/y)。

According to the trend of change from 2000 to 2014, NPP in large parts of China is rising, especially in western regions. Among several countries with high NPP, China's NPP has increased by about 11Tg C per year, far exceeding that of Brazil (~5Tg C/y) — ranking 1st in terms of total NPP — and the United States (~2Tg C/y) — ranking 3rd.

▲ (a)2000—2014年像元尺度NPP年际变化率空间分布

Pixel scale: Spatial distribution of inter-annual variation rate of NPP from 2000 to 2014

(b)2000—2014年国家尺度NPP年变化率空间分布

National Scale: Spatial distribution of inter-annual variation rate of NPP from 2000 to 2014

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716319507

对于2000—2014年中国区域的NPP年际变化率来说,“三北”防护林工程的大部分区域都呈现增加的趋势,尤其是陕西省。

For the inter-annual variation rate of NPP in China from 2000 to 2014, most areas of the "Three-North" Shelter Forest Program show an increasing trend, especially in Shaanxi Province.

▲ 2000—2014年中国像元尺度NPP年际变化率空间分布(图中墨绿色粗线为“三北”防护林工程五期界线)

Spatial distribution of the inter-annual variation rate of NPP at the pixel scale in China from 2000 to 2014 (The dark green thick line in the figure is the boundary line of Phase V of the "Three-North" Shelter Forest Program)

除了变化的数字之外,一目了然的图像更能说明问题。

In addition to the statistical changes, the image is fairly self-explanatory.

首先看看 陕西省榆林市

The first area reviewed is the city of Yulin in Shaanxi Province .

通过美国Landsat系列卫星的1987、2014年数据进行分类,可以发现:榆林市2014年林地面积约是1987年的4倍,2014年裸土面积仅是1987年的四分之一;不仅如此,草地面积也增加了0.3万平方公里。

According to the classification from the American Landsat series satellite images of 1987 and 2014, the forested land area in Yulin in 2014 was about four times higher than that of 1987, and the bare land area in 2014 was only one quarter of that of 1987. In addition, the grassland area increased by 3,000 square kilometers.

从下面这两幅卫星影像中能更直观地看出榆林这一区域的情况,1984年还是大片沙地或裸土的区域,2016年已经被植被大面积覆盖了。

The following two satellite images show Yulin clearly. It was a large area of sand or bare land in 1984, but was covered in vegetation by 2016.

▲ 以东经108°43′14.916″,北纬37°41′0.996″为观测中心点拍摄的榆林

Yulin, taken at 108°43′14.916″E-37°41′0.996″N

再看看同属 陕西省的宝鸡市

Another illustration covers the city of Baoji in Shaanxi Province .

宝鸡市附近,1984年虽然有些植被,但植被覆盖率不过40%左右,而32年后的2016年,植被覆盖率达90%以上。据《中国林业统计年鉴》,宝鸡仅2002—2016年间,总造林4064.9平方公里,人工造林2117.06平方公里,飞播造林779.51平方公里,新封山育林1168.33平方公里。

Although there was some vegetation in the vicinity of Baoji in 1984, the vegetation coverage rate was only about 40%, while 32 years later in 2016, the vegetation coverage rate exceeded 90%. According to the China Forestry Statistical Yearbook, from 2002 to 2016, Baoji introced a total afforestation area of 4,064.9 square kilometers, including an artificial afforestation area of 2,117.06 square kilometers, an aerial afforestation area of 779.51 square kilometers and newly closed hillsides for afforestation of 1,168.33 square kilometers.

▲ 以东经107°10′50.01″,北纬34°52′04.29″为观测中心点拍摄的宝鸡附近

Vicinity of Baoji, taken at 107°10′50.01″ E-34°52′04.29″N

还有 甘肃省天水市

The next illustration is the city of Tianshui, Gansu Province .

从卫星影像上看,20世纪80年代所见之处多为裸地,据《中国林业统计年鉴》,仅2002—2016年间,天水总造林3427.56平方公里,人工造林2877.52平方公里,飞播造林29.45平方公里,新封山育林520.59平方公里。如今的天水市一片郁郁葱葱,享有西北“小江南”之称。

The satellite images show that ringthe 1980s, most of the land in the area was bare. According to the China Forestry Statistical Yearbook , ring the period from 2002 to 2016 alone, Tianshui benefited from afforestation of 3,427.56square kilometers, including artificial afforestation of 2,877.52 square kilometers, afforestation by aerial seeding of 29.45 square kilometers and newly closed hillsides for afforestation covering 520.59 square kilometers. Today, Tianshui is a lush city, enjoying the fame of “rich area south of the Yangtze River” in the northwest.

▲ 以东经106°10′53.97″,北纬34°53′11.03″为观测中心点拍摄的天水

Tianshui, taken at 106°10′53.97″E-34°53′11.03″ N

The most noteworthy is the green miracle — Saihanba, Hebei Province .

从下面两幅卫星影像中能直观地看出:相对于1984年,2016年塞罕坝森林覆盖率得到了明显提高。

The two satellite images below show that the forest coverage rate of Saihanba increased significantly in 2016 compared to 1984.

▲ 以东经117°25′34.824″,北纬42°28′57.36″为观测中心点拍摄的塞罕坝

Saihanba, taken at 117°25′34.824″ E-42°28′57.36″N

从资料图片上也可以看出,新中国成立前塞罕坝区域基本上全是荒漠,而经过三代人50多年的不懈努力,塞罕坝的森林覆盖率从11.4%提高到80%。如今的塞罕坝已是连片的人工林海。2017年12月联合国环境规划署宣布,中国塞罕坝林场建设者获得2017年联合国环保最高荣誉——“地球卫士奖”。

This photo shows that the Saihanba area was basically desert before the founding of the People's Republic of China. After more than 50 years of unremitting efforts across three generations, the forest coverage rate of Saihanba increased from 11.4% to 80%. Now, Saihanba is a contiguous artificial forest. In December 2017, the United Nations Environment Programme announced that the builders of the Saihanba Forest Farm in China were to be awarded the "Champions of the Earth" prize in 2017 — the United Nations' highest honor for environmental protection.

新中国成立前的塞罕坝荒漠

Saihanba desert before the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

▲ Source: https://www.diyitui.com/content-1533789034.74527271.html

Now, Saihanba is home to the largest contiguous artificial forest in China.

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