意大利visor是什么意思中文

❶ 求一篇关于汽车转向的中英文翻译 字数在1500左右 求各位大侠帮忙 邮箱[email protected]

常用汽车产品名称中英文对照

汽车引擎 Engine for automobile
汽车化油器 Carburetor for automobile
汽车曲轴 Crankshaft for automobile
汽车连杆 Connecting rod for automobile
汽车凸轮轴 Camshaft for automobile
汽车汽缸头(含汽门导管) Cylinder head for automobile
汽车汽缸体 Cylinder block for automobile
汽车汽门座 Valve seat for automobile
汽车滤清器 Filter for automobile
汽车燃料油泵 Fuel pump for automobile
柴油引擎用喷油泵 Fuel injection pump for diesel engine
汽车活塞及环 Piston and ring for automobile
汽车水箱(散热器) Radiator for automobile
其他汽车引擎零组件 Other engine parts for automobile
悬吊避震器 Suspension shock absorber
汽车驱动轴及差速总成 Drive axle with differential assy for automobile
汽车传动轴 Transmission axle for automobile
汽车离合器总成 Clutch assy for automobile
汽车变速箱 Gear boxes for automobile
汽车用十字及三叉式接头 Universal joint for automobile
汽车轮圈 Wheel rim for automobile
其他汽车传动系统零件 Other transmission parts for automobile
汽车方向盘、转向柱及转向箱 Steering column for automobile
汽车转向齿轮 Steering pinion & racks for automobile
汽车转向连杆 Steering linkage for automobile
汽车连接杆 Connecting rod for automobile
其他汽车转向系统组件 Other parts of steering system for automobile
汽车火星塞 Spark plug for automobile
汽车起动马达 Starter motor for automobile
分电盘 Distrinutor
汽车发电亩茄机 Generators for automobile
汽车喊宴点火线圈 Ignition coil for automobile
车头灯 Head lamp for automobile
车后灯 Rear lamp for automobile
其他汽车用电灯组 Other lamp for automobile
其他汽车电气零组件 Other electric parts for automobile
汽车刹车总泵郑耐银 Brake master cylinder for automobile
汽车刹车盘式(或碟式)总成 Brake disc assy for automobile
汽车刹车来令 Brake lining for automobile
汽车刹车总成 Brake assy for automobile
汽车真空煞车倍力器 Vacuum brake booster for automobile
防锁刹车系统 Burglar brake system for automobile
其他汽车刹车零组件 Other brake parts for automobile
汽车速度表 Speedometer for automobile
汽车油压表 Oil pressure gauges for automobile
汽车转速计 Tachometer for automobile
其他汽车仪表 Other instrument meters for automobile
其他汽车仪表 Other instrument meters for automobile
大客车车身 Bodies for bus
小货车车身 Bodies for light ty truck
大货车车身 Bodies for heavy ty truck
其他汽车车身 Bodies for other automobiles
汽车车架大梁 Frame cross-member
车身冲压件 Body stamping and press parts for automobile
汽车防撞杆 Bumper for automobile
汽车排气管 Exhaust pipe for automobile
汽车铸件 Casting parts for automobile
安全气囊系统 Air bag system
汽车座椅安全带 Seat belt for automobile
其他未列名汽车零件 Other parts for automobile

汽车分类
古董车（Antique car）、古典车（Classic car）、露营车（Recreation Vehicle）、
旅行车（Sedan Wagon）、厢型车（Van）、掀背车（Hatchback）、斜背车（Notchback）、双门车（Coupe）、敞篷车（Convertible）、货卡车（Pickup Trucks）、
越野车（4x4）、运动货卡车（SUT）、运动休旅车（SUV）、多功能休旅车（MVP）、
厢式休旅车（Minivan）、肌肉车（Muscle Car）、微型车（Microcar）、
小型车（Compact car）、中型车（Mid-size car）、大型车（Full-size car）、轿车（Sedan）、货车（Trucks）、拖车（Trailer）、计程车（Taxicab）、大客车（Bus）、
概念车（Concept Car）、跑车（Sports car）、赛车（Racing car）、超级跑车（Supercar）、国民车（Economy car）、高级车（Luxury Car)
水路两用车（Amphibious vehicle）、无人驾驶车（Driverless car）、飞行车（Flying car）

驱动方式
两轮驱动（2WD）、四轮驱动（4WD）、前轮驱动（Front-wheel drive；FWD）、
后轮驱动（Rear-wheel drive；RWD）

燃料技术
内燃机（Internal combustion engine）、蒸气车（Steam car）、电动车（Electric vehicle）、
氢气车（Hydrogen vehicle）、混合动力车（Hybrid vehicle）、替代燃料车（Alternative fuel vehicle）、汽油（Gasoline）、柴油（Diesel）、液化石油气（Autogas）、
生质柴油（Biodiesel）、直接喷射（Direct Injection）、间接喷射（Indirect injection）、
汽油直接喷射（Gasoline Direct Injection；GDI）、
柴油直接喷射（Diesel Direct Injection；DDI）

引擎位置
前置引擎（Front-engine design）、前中置引擎（Front-mid-engine design）、
中置引擎（Mid-engine design）、后中置引擎（Rear-mid-engine design）、
后置引擎（Rear-engine design）

引擎结构
汽油引擎（Gasoline engine）、柴油引擎（Diesel engine）、
火花点火（Spark ignition；SI）、压缩点火（Compression ignition；CI）、
二行程循环（Two-stroke cycle）、四行程循环（Four-stroke cycle）、
汽门挺杆式（Over Head Valve；OHV）、顶上凸轮轴式（Over Head Camshaft；OHC）、
顶上双凸轮轴式（Double Over Head Camshaft；DOHC）、直列引擎（Straight engine）、
往复引擎（Reciprocating engine）、水平对卧引擎（Flat engine）、
转子引擎（Wankel engine）、V型引擎（V engine）、H型引擎（H engine）、
W型引擎（W engine）

零件与附件
结构
大梁（Frame）、副梁（Subframe）、保险杆（Bumper）、底盘（Chassis）、
撞击缓冲区（Crumple zone）、挡泥板（Fender）、叶子板（Fender skirts）、
水箱罩（Grille）、引擎盖（Hood）、引擎盖进气口（Hood scoop）、车柱（Pillar）、
尾翼（Spoiler）

车身
行李厢（Trunk）、引擎盖（Hood）
蝴蝶车门（Butterfly doors）、鸥翼车门（Gull-wing door）、铡刀车门（Scissor doors）、
对开车门（Free-Style doors）
天窗（Sun roof）、遮阳板（Sun visor）、挡风玻璃（Windshield）、
雨刷（Windscreen wiper）、挡风玻璃清洁液（Windshield washer fluid）
后视镜（Rear-view mirror）、电动后视镜（Power mirrors）
保险杆贴纸（Bumper sticker）、引擎盖标志（Hood ornament）
日间行车灯（Daytime running lamp）、雾灯（Fog lamp）、大灯（Head lamp）、
方向灯（Indicator）、尾灯（Taillight）、气体放电式电灯（High-Intensity Discharge；HID）
故障指示灯（Malfunction Indicator Lamp；MIL）、车距感知器（Distance sensor）、
停车感知器（Park sensor）
排气管（Exhaust pipe）、消音器（Muffler）、触媒转化器（Catalytic converter）、
氧气感知器（Oxygen sensor）
空气冷却（Air cooling）、防冻剂（Antifreeze）、水箱（Radiator）、
调温器（Thermostat）、中央冷却器（Intercooler）、乙二醇（Ethylene glycol）

仪器
油表（Fuel gauge）、时速表（Speedometer）、转速表（Tachometer）、
里程表（Odometer）、全球定位系统（Global Positioning System；GPS）、
抬头显示器（Head-up display；HUD）

控制
方向盘（Steering wheel）、排档杆（Gear stick）、手煞车（Hand brake）、
节汽门（Throttle）

座位
扶手（Armrest）、长型座椅（Bench seat）、桶型座椅（Bucket seat）、
儿童安全座椅（Child safety seat）
安全 气囊（Air-bag）、安全带（Seat belt）、儿童安全锁（Child safety lock）、
汽车安全（Automobile safety）

车轮
车轮盖（Hubcap）、钢丝轮圈（Wire wheels）、合金轮圈（Alloy wheels）、
铝合金轮圈（Aluminium alloy wheel）、镁合金轮圈（Magnesium alloy wheel）

轮胎
辐射层轮胎（Radial-ply tire）、斜纹层轮胎（Bias-ply Tire）、
斜向交织层轮胎（Bias Belted Tire）、防爆轮胎（Run-flat tire）、光头轮胎（Slick tire）、
轮胎压力侦测系统（Tire Pressure Monitoring System；TPMS）

变速箱
变速箱（Transmission）、自动变速箱（Automatic transmission；AT）、
手动变速箱（Manual transmission；MT）、
手自排变速箱（Automatic Manual transmission；AMT）、
半自动变速箱（Semi-automatic transmission）、离合器（Clutch）、
万向接头（Universal joint）、差速器（Differential）、传动轴（Driveshaft）、
排档杆（Gear stick）、 扭力转换器（Torque converter）、太阳齿轮（Sun Gear）、
行星齿轮（Planet Gear）、环形齿轮（Ring Gear）、锁定差速器（Locking differential）、
防滑差速器（Limited Slip Differential；LSD）、
无段自动变速箱（Continuously Variable Transmission；CVT）、
变速箱控制单元（Transmission Control Unit；TCU）

煞车
防锁死煞车系统（Anti-lock braking system；ABS）、
电子制动分配系统（Electronic Brakeforce Distribution；EBD）、碟式煞车（Disk Brake）、
鼓式煞车（Drum Brake）、 液压煞车（Hydraulic brake）、空气煞车（Air brake）、
动力煞车（Power brake）、引擎煞车（Engine brake）、行车煞车（Service brake）、
停车煞车（Parking brakes）、紧急煞车（Emergency Brake）、煞车片（Brake pad）、
煞车油（Brake fluid）、手煞车（Hand brake）

这样够全了吧~~

❷ essor中文怎么翻译啊

你迅肆要查找的是不是？
1. esor electronically scanned optical receiver 电子扫描光学接受器
2. lessor n. 出租人, 地主
3. user n. 用户, 使用者
4. Assor 阿索尔
5. Esser n. 埃瑟
6. Eser 埃塞尔
7. error n.错误, 过失, 误差, 谬误
8. soar vi.翱翔, 高飞, 猛增, 高涨, 高...
9. sour adj.酸的, 酸腐的, 刻薄的 ; v...
10. osier n. 柳树, 杞柳, 紫皮柳, 青刚柳亩薯轿
11. jessur[医] 杰塞耳毒蛇(亚洲南部及东南部)
12. iessur杰塞耳毒蛇
13. decor n. 装饰, 陈设, 布置
14. visor n. 帽舌
15. ESAR n. 电子扫描雷达
16. soor 鹅口疮
17. ASOR(=asialo-orosomucoid) 缺乏唾液酸基的血清手碰粘蛋白
18. Jesser耶瑟尔
19. Wesser韦塞尔
20. iasor ice and snow on runway 在跑道上的冰雪

❸ 拉力赛车的专业术语~

1，领航员

在拉力赛中，领航员除了需在比赛期间安排生活琐事外，还要在比赛中根据路书的记录向车手提示有关道路销闭情况的比赛信息，精准确认行车路线。

2，路书

发给比赛选手的，关于比赛赛段或路程的导航说明书及有地图的赛程路线图。由一些缩写符号和箭头标志构成，包括各具体路段的长度等。领航员需要在赛中用最简洁、有效的言语，将信息尺键传达给车手；车手对路书也要有基本认识，以便能更好地理解领航员的指令。

3，检录处

简称“CP点”，为保证车手按照规定路线行驶，组委会每天安排多个检录处，可以在GPS上看到。每到达一处检录点，工作人员将在时间卡上盖章确认。如果参赛车辆没有经过检录处，将受到严厉处罚。

4，时间卡

用于记录赛车通过各检录处时间的卡，车手亏困裂在出发前会得到一个时问卡，当到达路段终点时，必须更换一个新的时间卡。赛车通过时间控制点时，必须按规定的方式登记和盖章，组委会最后根据时问卡计算车手的比赛成绩。任何违背时间卡的行为，都可能导致被取消继续比赛资格的后果。

5，重组

为了使比赛组织紧凑，组织者可设重组，重组区视同为禁区，在入口处和出口处应设时间 控制点，赛员在重组区内停留的时间可以不同，以便整个赛事可以按时进行并且把正在 比赛的赛员集合到一起。

❹ 帽子的英语词汇“中英文”

2017年关于帽子的英语词汇“中英文”

帽子，一种戴在头部的服饰，多数可以覆盖头的`整个顶部。下面，我为行键大家分享帽子的英语词汇，希望对大家有所帮助!

帽里 lining

帽圈 hat band

帽边 hat brim

帽带 hat ribbon

帽木模 hat block;block;cap piece;blockhead

帽撑 cap stretcher

帽架 hat tree;hatrack;hat stand

挂帽钉滑带培 hat peg

帽檐 cap peak;peak;visor

帽顶 top of hat

制帽hatting

制帽材料 hatting

帽胚 hat felt

帽护耳 cap tab;earflap;earlap;the eartab

帽徽 cap cockade;cap insignia;cockade

帽饰绒球 cap pompon

信唯帽饰流苏 cap tassel

❺ F1中英文词汇（要专业 官方的）

F1 技术词汇扫盲 Aerodynamics 空气动力学
The study of airflow over and around an object and an intrinsic part of Formula One car design.
空气动力学是对物体四周以及加载在其上的气流研究，它也是F1赛车设计的灵魂所在

Apex 弯道顶点
The middle point of the inside line around a corner at which drivers aim their cars.

位于弯道内侧线的中点，是车手驾驶赛岁烂念车理想行驶路线的经过处

Appeal 上诉
An action that a team takes on its drivers' behalf if it feels that they have been unfairly penalised by the race officials.

这是当车队认为乎困自己受到赛会不公正处罚时，车队对维护车手利益的一种举措

Ballast 压舱物
Weights fixed around the car to maximise its balance and bring it up to the minimum weight limit.

为尽可能保持车身重量平衡和满足最轻车身重量要求，而对赛车各处进行重量修整用的物体

Bargeboard 侧箱整流板
The piece of bodywork mounted vertically between the front wheels and the start of the sidepods to help smooth the airflow around the sides of the car.

在前车轮与侧箱起始点之间垂直安历迹装的一个车身组件（扰流板之类），以使车身侧部的气流更加平稳

Blistering 过热（使赛车轮胎脱皮 ）
The consequence of a tyre, or part of a tyre, overheating. Excess heat can cause rubber to soften and break away in chunks from the body of the tyre. Blistering can be caused by the selection of an inappropriate tyre compound (for example, one that is too soft for circuit conditions), too high tyre pressure, or an improperly set up car.

轮胎的一种严重后果，或者说轮胎的的部分过热。多余的热量会造成橡胶变软以及使橡胶从轮胎中剥落。造成脱皮的现象可能是由于错误地选择了轮胎合成物质（例如，对于环形路况过软的轮胎是不适合的），过高的轮胎气压，又或者是不正确的车身较调等原因。

Bodywork 车体（可不可以理解为车身组件呢？）
The carbon fibre sections fitted onto the monocoque before the cars leave the pits, such as the engine cover, the cockpit top and the nosecone.

赛车在驶出维修站之前给单体车身安装的碳纤维组件，例如像引擎机罩，驾驶舱顶部和前鼻锥。

Bottoming 托底
When a car's chassis hits the track surface as it runs through a sharp compression and reaches the bottom of its suspension travel.

当车身底盘与赛道表面发生刮擦时，是因为赛车此时正急剧的挤压，并且正好位于车身悬挂行程的低点。

Brake balance 制动平衡
A switch in the cockpit to alter the split of the car's braking power between the front and the rear wheels according to a driver's wishes.

位于驾驶舱内的一个转换开关，可以由车手意愿单独控制前后车轮的制动力度。

Chassis 底盘
The main part of a racing car to which the engine and suspension are attached is called the chassis.

底盘－大家应该都司空见惯了，F1的车子也得使这一玩意，它是用于承载引擎以及悬挂系统的一赛车重要组成部分。

Chicane 减速弯（组合弯？）
A tight sequence of corners in alternate directions. Usually inserted into a circuit to slow the cars, often just before what had been a high-speed corner.

一组在不同方向上的紧凑衔接的弯道。通常将其布局在赛道的目的就是减缓赛车车速，一般处于高速赛段后。

Clean air 无扰流气体（平稳气体环境）
Air that isn't turbulent, and thus offers optimum aerodynamic conditions, as experienced by a car at the head of the field.

这个东东并不是乱流，所以可以为最佳空气动力提供条件，例如像经验老道地行驶在阵容的前部。

Cockpit 驾驶舱
The section of the chassis in which the driver sits.

底盘中车手乘坐的部分。

Compound 复合材料（轮胎面）
Tread compound is the part of any tyre in contact with the road and therefore one of the major factors in deciding tyre performance. The ideal compound is one with maximum grip but which still maintains rability and heat resistance. A typical Formula One race compound will have more than ten ingredients such as rubbers, polymers, sulphur, carbon black, oil and other curatives. Each of these includes a vast number of derivatives any of which can be used to a greater or lesser degree. Very small changes to the mix can change compound performance.

轮胎贴地复合材料是轮胎中与赛道路面最为密切的部分，因此它是决定轮胎性能的主要因素之一。理想的复合材料就是要使轮胎获得最大的抓地力，但又能保持良好的耐久力和耐热性。一般的F1方程式赛车的复合胎面材料拥有上十种配料，例如：橡胶、高分子材料、硫、黑烟末、油和其他添加物质。这里的每种材料都包含了大量的衍生物质，任何一种都可以不同程度量多或量少地进行配比使用。混合配比中非常小的变化就能改变复合材料的性能。

Diffuser 气流扩散装置
The rear section of the car's floor or undertray where the air flowing under the car exits. The design of the diffuser is crucial as it controls the speed at which the air exits. The faster its exit, the lower the air pressure beneath the car, and hence the more downforce the car generates.

赛车底盘或者底部的后端部分，是气流从车身下方流出的出口。因为它能控制气流的离开速度，所以它的设计是非常关键的。气流离开速度愈快，气流在车身下方的顶升压力就愈小，可以使赛车获得更大的下压力。

Downforce 下压力
The aerodynamic force that is applied in a downwards direction as a car travels forwards. This is harnessed to improve a car's traction and its handling through corners.

当赛车向前运行时，向下方向加载在车身上的一组空气动力。它对提升赛车牵引力以及过弯性能是非常有用的。

Drag 风阻
The aerodynamic resistance experienced as a car travels forwards.

赛车运行时所受到的空气动力阻力。

Drive-through penalty 穿越维修站处罚
One of two penalties that can be handed out at the discretion of the Stewards whilst the race is still running. Drivers must enter the pit lane, drive through it complying with the speed limit, and re-join the race without stopping.

在比赛进行中，赛会组织可以给出两种处罚，其中之一就是车手以规则要求的限定速度穿过维修通道然后再重新投入比赛，并且期间不允许进站。(这个过程一般要多消耗车手20多秒的时间)

Flat spot 磨平点
The term given to the area of a tyre that is worn heavily on one spot after a moment of extreme braking or in the course of a spin. This ruins its handling, often causing severe vibration, and may force a driver to pit for a replacement set of tyres.

这个专业术语用于描述轮胎磨损严重区域，一般发生在紧急制动后或者在车身打转过程中。它会破坏赛车的操控性，经常造成严重的车身震动，并可能使车手被迫进站更换轮胎。

Formation lap 编队圈（热胎圈）
The lap before the start of the race when the cars are driven round from the grid to form up on the grid again for the start of the race. Sometimes referred to as the warm-up lap or parade lap.

在正式比赛之前，每辆赛车从起点发车行驶一圈后，再重新依次排好名次以准备开始正赛。有时也被称为热胎圈或者是队列圈。

G-force G力 （加速度，以1个重力G为基本单位）
A physical force equivalent to one unit of gravity that is multiplied ring rapid changes of direction or velocity. Drivers experience severe G-forces as they corner, accelerate and brake.

在快速变向或变速过程中，车手受到的外力是多项作用力叠加的结果，一般以一个重力加速度为单位。车手在转弯、加速和刹车时就能感受到这种剧烈的加速度。

Graining 轮胎颗粒化
When a car slides, it can cause little bits or rubber ('grains') to break away from the tyre's grooves. These then stick to the tread of the tyre, effectively separating the tyre from the track surface very slightly. For the driver, the effect is like driving on ball bearings. Careful driving can clear the graining within a few laps, but will obviously have an effect on the driver's pace. Driving style, track conditions, car set-up, fuel load and the tyre itself all play a role in graining. In essence, the more the tyre moves about on the track surface (ie slides), the more likely graining is.

当赛车侧滑时，轮胎沟槽处的一些小片或细小颗粒的橡胶就会从轮胎上挣脱。然后这些小颗粒就紧紧贴在轮胎表面，这就事实上使轮胎与赛道有轻微的脱离。对车手而言，那种感觉就像是坐在滚珠轴承上。稳当的驾驶一定距离就能够将颗粒清除，但是这显然会打乱车手的节奏。驾驶风格、赛道路况、车身较调、载油量和轮胎本身都是有可能造成轮胎颗粒化的原因。事实上，赛车在赛道上滑动愈多（例如侧滑），轮胎颗粒化的现象就愈严重。

Gravel trap 砂石缓冲带
A bed of gravel on the outside of corners designed with the aim of bringing cars that fall off the circuit to a halt.

在弯道外侧一般要设计砂石带，可以使从赛道甩出的赛车停止下来，总的说就是起到缓冲作用。

Grip 抓地力
The amount of traction a car has at any given point, affecting how easy it is for the driver to keep control through corners.

在任意一已知位置赛车所拥有的牵引力总和，直接决定车手在过弯时的操控难易程度。

Installation lap 测试圈
A lap done on arrival at a circuit, testing functions such as throttle, brakes and steering before heading back to the pits without crossing the finish line.

一般车队一抵达赛道，就会让赛车完成一圈以测试其功能，例如油门、制动装置和转向等。（一圈末了直接驶回维修站而不用穿过终点线）

Jump start 抢发车（偷跑 ）
When a driver moves off his grid position before the five red lights have been switched off to signal the start. Sensors detect premature movement and a jump start earns a driver a penalty.

在五盏红灯熄灭－－发车信号给出之前就开始移动为抢发车。传感器可以检测到每量赛车是否提早移动，如果“偷跑”将会给车手相应的处罚。

KERS 运动能量回收系统
Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems, or KERS, are legal from 2009 onwards. KERS recover waste kinetic energy from the car ring braking, store that energy and then make it available to propel the car. The driver has access to the additional power for limited periods per lap, via a 'boost button' on the steering wheel.

动态能量回收系统，或作缩写KERS，是从09年开始实行的法规。KERS能够在赛车刹车时回收其损耗能量，加以储存并使其能有效地驱动赛车。车手必须在每圈限定的时间内通过方向盘上的“驱动按钮”使用该能源。

题外话：一直高度商业化的F1现如今也“参杂”了一点公共事业的责任感，并且以赛车性能为代价，于我看来FIA对KERS的强制使用有点“鸡肋”之嫌，不管怎么说，做总比不做好！

Left-foot braking 左脚刹车
A style of braking made popular in the 1990s following the arrival of hand clutches so that drivers could keep their right foot on the throttle and dedicate their left to braking.

源于手动离合的出现，在上世纪90年代这种类型的制动方式开始流行，这种方式可以使驾驶者保持用右脚控制油门的方式，而腾出左脚进行刹车操作。

Lollipop 棒棒糖人 维修站机械团队的Leader，名字很cool，老外真有想象力
The sign on a stick held in front of the car ring a pit stop to inform the driver to apply the brakes and then to engage first gear prior to the car being lowered from its jacks.

赛车进站后，棒棒糖人在赛车前举着个牌牌－信号牌（那真是显摆啊！ ），通过观察机械师的工作情况，告诉车手何时刹车，接着（完成轮胎更换后）通知车手在赛车从升起架上落下之前将赛车打到1档－挂档起步。

Marshal 马歇尔 赛道工人
A course official who oversees the safe running of the race. Marshals have several roles to fill, including observing the spectators to ensure they do not endanger themselves or the competitors, acting as fire wardens, helping to remove stranded cars/drivers from the track and using waving flags to signal the condition of the track to drivers.

在比赛时负责监视赛道安全的工作人员。其扮演了多个角色，留意观众确保他们和车手不受到伤害，作为消防员需要将停留在赛道上的出事赛车或车手移开，并通过挥舞信号旗给其他仍在比赛的车手提供当前赛道信息。

Monocoque 单车体
The single-piece tub in which the cockpit is located, with the engine fixed behind it and the front suspension on either side at the front.

用于固定驾驶舱的单一整体赛车外壳，它后面安装的是发动机，前悬安装在其前部的任意一侧。

Oversteer 转向过度
When a car's rear end doesn't want to go around a corner and tries to overtake the front end as the driver turns in towards the apex.

Paddles
Levers on either side of the back of a steering wheel with which a driver changes up and down the gearbox.This often requires opposite-lock to correct, whereby the driver turns the front wheels into the skid.

Paddock
An enclosed area behind the pits in which the teams keep their transporters and motor homes. There is no admission to the public.

Parc ferme
A fenced-off area into which cars are driven after qualifying and the race, where no team members are allowed to touch them except under the strict supervision of race stewards.

Pit board
A board held out on the pit wall to inform a driver of his race position, the time interval to the car ahead or the one behind, plus the number of laps of the race remaining.

Pit wall
Where the team owner, managers and engineers spend the race, usually under an awning to keep sun and rain off their monitors.

Pits
An area of track separated from the start/finish straight by a wall, where the cars are brought for new tyres and fuel ring the race, or for set-up changes in practice, each stopping at their respective pit garages.

Plank
A hard wooden strip (also known as a skid block) that is fitted front-to-back down the middle of the underside of all cars to check that they are not being run too close to the track surface, something that is apparent if the wood is excessively worn.

Pole position
The first place on the starting grid, as awarded to the driver who recorded the fastest lap time in qualifying.

Practice
The periods on Friday and on Saturday morning at a Grand Prix meeting when the drivers are out on the track working on the set-up of their cars in preparation for qualifying and the race.

Protest
An action lodged by a team when it considers that another team or competitor has transgressed the rules.

Qualifying
The knock-out session on Saturday in which the drivers compete to set the best time they can in order to determine the starting grid for the race.

Reconnaissance lap
A lap completed when drivers leave the pits to assemble on the grid for the start. If a driver decides to do several, they must divert through the pit lane as the grid will be crowded with team personnel.

Retirement
When a car has to drop out of the race because of an accident or mechanical failure.

Ride height
The height between the track's surface and the floor of the car.

Safety Car
The course vehicle that is called from the pits to run in front of the leading car in the race in the event of a problem that requires the cars to be slowed.

Scrutineering
The technical checking of cars by the officials to ensure that none are outside the regulations.

Sectors
For timing purposes the lap is split into three sections, each of which is roughly a third of the lap. These sections are officially known as Sector 1, Sector 2 and Sector 3.

Shakedown
A brief test when a team is trying a different car part for the first time before going back out to drive at 100 percent to set a fast time.

Sidepod
The part of the car that flanks the sides of the monocoque alongside the driver and runs back to the rear wing, housing the radiators.

Slipstreaming
A driving tactic when a driver is able to catch the car ahead and ck in behind its rear wing to benefit from a rection in drag over its body and hopefully be able to achieve a superior maximum speed to slingshot past before the next corner.

'Splash and dash'
A pit stop in the closing laps of the race when a driver calls in for just a few litres of fuel to be sure of making it to the finish.

Steward
One of three high-ranking officials at each Grand Prix appointed to make decisions.

Stop-go penalty
A penalty given that involves the driver calling at his pit and stopping for 10 seconds - with no refuelling or tyre-changing allowed.

Tear-off strips
See-through plastic strips that drivers fit to their helmet's visor before the start of the race and then remove as they become dirty.

Telemetry
A system that beams data related to the engine and chassis to computers in the pit garage so that engineers can monitor that car's behaviour.

Torque
Literally, the turning or twisting force of an engine, torque is generally used as a measure of an engine's flexibility. An engine may be very powerful, but if it has little torque then that power may only be available over a limited rev range, making it of limited use to the driver. An engine with more torque - even if it has less power - may actually prove quicker on many tracks, as the power is available over a far wider rev range and hence more accessible. Good torque is particularly vital on circuits with a number of mid- to slow-speed turns, where acceleration out of the corners is essential to a good lap time.

Traction
The degree to which a car is able to transfer its power onto the track surface for forward progress.

Traction control
A computerised system that detects if either of a car's driven (rear) wheels is losing traction - ie spinning - and transfers more drive to the wheel with more traction, thus using its more power efficiently. Outlawed from the 2008 season onwards.

Turbulence
The result of the disruption of airflow caused by an interruption to its passage, such as when it hits a rear wing and its horizontal flow is spoiled.

Tyre compound
The type of rubber mix used in the construction of a tyre, ranging from soft through medium to hard, with each offering a different performance and wear characteristic.

Tyre warmer
An electric blanket that is wrapped around the tyres before they are fitted to the car so that they will start closer to their optimum operating temperature.

Understeer
Where the front end of the car doesn't want to turn into a corner and slides wide as the driver tries to turn in towards the apex.

Undertray
A separate floor to the car that is bolted onto the underside of the monocoque.

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本文来源于汽车之家车家号作者，不代表汽车之家的观点立场。

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